Impact of follow-on biological products in the Brazilian health system
Cancer is an epidemic disease in the 21st century. However, despite consistent increases on its incidence worldwide, mortality rates have fallen, especially in developed countries [1, 2]. The victories mankind has achieved in the war against cancer result from advances in different fields, such as early diagnosis and better surgical, radiotherapeutic and systemic treatments.
The advent of monoclonal antibodies represents one of the most important paradigm shifts in the treatment of cancer patients. The incorporation of these technologies brought great benefits to people’s lives in terms of increasing cure rates, survival and quality of life. Unfortunately, the great accomplishments brought by science into medicine come with high financial costs, making them available mainly for wealthy populations.
As patents on monoclonal antibodies have expired, biosimilars have been developed. With strict regulation from competent authorities, the introduction of these drugs into the market reduces costs and broadens the access to these medications throughout the world while still offering high quality products. The paper ‘Biosimilars in Brazil: the beginning of an era of broader access’ recently published in The Journal of Cancer therapy sheds some light on this theme. It gives a broad review that encompasses the definition of biological agents and biosimilars, the regulatory processes in different countries and the positive impacts of the insertion of these drugs in the context of the Brazilian health system [3].
Europe is the region of the world with the most experience with the use of biosimilars. Based on data that has been accumulated for more than 10 years, regulatory agencies report that monoclonal antibodies became more accessible to the population. There has been an absolute increase in the overall consumption of these drugs and cost reductions of about 30%, with no evidence of safety warnings or suboptimal efficacy. ANVISA, the Brazilian National Regulatory Agency, issued its first guideline for follow-on biological products approval in Brazil in 2010 [4]. Since then, no follow-on biological product has been approved and trastuzumab follow-on biological is expected to be the first one to be made available in Brazil, in 2018.
The Brazilian health system is divided into public and private sections. While approximately 75% of the population is assisted exclusively by the public health system, only 25% can afford to have health insurance. As is pointed out in the previously cited articles, trastuzumab consumption is more than 4 times higher in the private system than in the public [3]. However, budgetary constraints represent a major challenge in Brazil for both the public and the private systems and finding affordable ways to deliver high quality medications at lower prices is an urgent unmet need in this country. For instance, while the approximate per capita expenditure for health is U$9,590/year in the US, in Brazil it is US$1,554 and US$437 in the private and public health systems, respectively [5-7].
In this scenario, the incorporation of biosimilars should not be the movement of one industry for one molecule, but a new concept in health care that can change the sad reality of lack of access to high-cost medications in low and middle-income countries with the objective of opening a new era of broaden access.
Conflict of interest
The author of the review paper [3] did not provide any conflict of interest statement.
Abstracted by Professor Marcio Debiasi, MD, PhD,PUCRS School of Medicine, Scientific Director, LACOG – Breast Cancer and Translational Research Groups, Brazil
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References
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